世界卫生组织(世卫组织)于2023年5月宣布全球突发公共卫生事件结束, much of the world has moved on from 新型冠状病毒肺炎. Government and healthcare organisations have reduced their sense of urgency, and much of the general public has embraced a return to pre-pandemic life. 然而, the risks from 新型冠状病毒肺炎 are far from over, especially for those most vulnerable, 比如免疫功能低下.
新型冠状病毒肺炎负担仍然很高
现在被认为是地方病, 新型冠状病毒肺炎 continues to result in serious health consequences globally, 比如住院, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and death.1–3
- Hospitalisation rates remain higher for 新型冠状病毒肺炎 than other seasonal respiratory illnesses, such as flu and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).4,5
- 世卫组织报告了近10例,000 deaths from 新型冠状病毒肺炎 in December 2023, 与2023年11月相比,住院人数增加了42%,ICU入院人数增加了62%.6
- 仅在美国, 2023年结束时约为35,000 weekly hospitalisations and more than 1,500 people per week dying from 新型冠状病毒肺炎.3,7
The immunocompromised shoulder a disproportionate burden
许多免疫功能低下的人对新型冠状病毒肺炎疫苗接种的免疫反应往往减弱, and therefore remain at higher risk for severe 新型冠状病毒肺炎, hospitalisation and death than the general population.8-10
来自英国和美国大规模研究的新的现实证据强调了这一点,尽管这只占总人口的一小部分, 免疫功能低下的个体在新型冠状病毒肺炎严重后果中所占的比例不成比例.10,11 这些研究表明:
- 更多的 than a quarter of the 新型冠状病毒肺炎 burden is born by immunocompromised individuals, despite being vaccinated against the virus;10
- 免疫功能低下者, 血癌/骨髓癌患者的住院风险高得不成比例, 终末期肾病, 实体器官移植接受者和在某些情况下服用免疫抑制药物的人, 尽管接种了疫苗;10,11
- 采取措施保护免疫功能低下患者的成本可能低于与covid -19相关的不良结果所带来的高昂成本.12,13
Protection is essential for the immunocompromised 谁 remain vulnerable to 新型冠状病毒肺炎
疫苗需要一个健康的免疫系统,帮助启动身体产生抗感染细胞的自然能力.14 因此, individuals with compromised immune systems, 比如癌症患者, 器官移植受者, or people taking immunosuppressive medicines, may not be as well protected against 新型冠状病毒肺炎, 即使接种了疫苗.10 事实上, 十分之一以上的免疫功能低下患者不能产生保护所需的抗体 even after five or more 新型冠状病毒肺炎 vaccinations.15
科学的进步使得提供单克隆抗体的被动免疫成为可能, independent of the recipient’s immune status.16-18 Monoclonal antibodies are generated in a lab to target a specific bacteria or virus.19 这些抗体被注射到体内,在那里它们可以通过识别和结合目标病原体,提供近乎即时的保护,防止感染.16-18
随着欧米克隆变异的快速发展,减少或取消了预防新型冠状病毒肺炎的授权疗法, 许多免疫功能低下的个体没有主动或被动的保护,而潜在的新疗法正在研究中.20,21
仅靠接种疫苗往往不足以保护免疫功能低下的个体免受新型冠状病毒肺炎的潜在破坏性后果. 澳门葡京赌博游戏必须共同努力,找到解决办法,使这一弱势群体能够摆脱疫情.
Reducing the preventable burden of disease
世界卫生组织承认,虽然新型冠状病毒肺炎已成为许多地区的地方病, the immunocompromised continue to face an ongoing risk from the virus.22 加深对这一多元化群体的了解和认识,有助于培养量身定制的就业机会, appropriate care and treatment remains an urgent unmet need. 没有有效的, 长期保护, the burden of 新型冠状病毒肺炎 falls on both immunocompromised patients and healthcare systems.12,13 A 2022 study suggests that more than 14,在英格兰,如果在免疫功能低下的个体接种疫苗的同时采用80%有效性的预防性干预措施,就可以避免500例住院.10
在澳门葡京网赌游戏, we are committed to following the science to protect the most vulnerable patients, 确保不让任何患者掉队. 澳门葡京赌博游戏看到有希望的一个领域是单克隆抗体作为传染性呼吸道疾病的被动免疫. 澳门葡京赌博游戏相信,在这一领域的创新将有助于实现澳门葡京赌博游戏为数百万人提供长期免疫的目标, where the burden of disease is greatest.